who wrote the iranian constitution of 1979

Constitution of Iran, 1979. the plan for the national economy, must be structured in such a manner that the form, content, and hours of work of every individual will allow him sufficient leisure and energy to engage, beyond his professional endeavour, in intellectual, political, and social activities leading to all-round development of his self, to take active part in leading the affairs of the country, improve his skills, and to make full use of his creativity; 4. Teaching positions in universities and research institutions are exempted from this rule. The 1979 revolution, which brought together Iranians across many different social groups, has its roots in Iran’s long history. 3. Iran is a unitary presidential theocratic republic that is governed under the constitution of 1979. six 'adil fuqaha', conscious of the present needs and the issues of the day, to be selected by the Leader, and. The intent of this Article does not prevent the interpretations that judges may make in the course of cassation. The courts of justice are the official bodies to which all grievances and complaints are to be referred. They may then hope for success in building an ideal Islamic society that can be a model for all people of the world and a witness to its perfection (in accordance with the Qur'anic verse "Thus We made you a median community, that you might be witnesses to men" [2:143]). All affronts to the dignity and repute of persons arrested, detained, imprisoned, or banished in accordance with the law, whatever form they may take, are forbidden and liable to punishment. strengthening the spirit of inquiry, investigation, and innovation in all areas of science, technology, and culture, as well as Islamic studies, by establishing research centres and encouraging researchers; 5. The Supreme Council of the Provinces has the right within its jurisdiction, to draft bills and to submit them to the Islamic Consultative Assembly, either directly or through the government. 2. Drafts and bills will be approved in accordance with the code of procedure approved by it, except in cases where the Constitution has specified a certain quorum. Supervision over the proper execution of the general policies of the system. After the office of Leadership, the President is the highest official in the country. No one may be arrested except by the order and in accordance with the procedure laid down by law. But before the establishment of the first Guardian Council, however, it lies with a supervisory body to be constituted by law. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 - 10 Years Online. The chief of the Supreme Court and the Prosecutor-General must both be just mujtahids well versed in judicial matters. The President, within the limits of his powers and duties, which he has by virtue of this Constitution or other laws, is responsible to the people, the Leader and the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Candidates nominated for the post of President must declare their candidature officially. Everyone has the right to choose any occupation he wishes, if it is not contrary to Islam and the public interests, and does not infringe the rights of others. Pursuant to Article 60, the president fulfills "executive" functions "except in the matters that are directly placed under the jurisdiction of the [Leader]" as enumerated in Article 110. If the members of the Assembly deem it necessary, the ministers are obliged to attend. In accordance with the right of the judiciary to supervise the proper conducting of affairs and the correct implementation of laws by the administrative organs of the government, an organization will be constituted under the supervision of the head of the judiciary branch to be known as the National General Inspectorate. With a view to safeguard the Islamic ordinances and the Constitution, in order to examine the compatibility of the legislations passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly with Islam, a council to be known as the Guardian Council is to be constituted with the following composition: 1. Humanitarian Themes - Any complexity and volume!!! Compulsion of individuals to testify, confess, or take an oath is not permissible; and any testimony, confession, or oath obtained under duress is devoid of value and credence. raising the level of public awareness in all areas, through the proper use of the press, mass media, and other means; 3. The President shall submit his resignation to the Leader and shall continue performing his duties until his resignation is not accepted. This great success proved to be the vanguard of Islamic government--a long-cherished desire of the Muslim people--and brought with it the glad tidings of final victory. the protection of mothers, particularly during pregnancy and childrearing, and the protection of children without guardians; 3. The seventh-day and fortieth-day commemorations of the martyrs of the Revolution, like a series of steady heartbeats, gave greater vitality, intensity, vigour, and solidarity to this movement all over the country. The Iranian Revolution opened a new chapter in the [history] of mass popular revolutions in the world. The Islamic Revolution Guards Corps, organized in the early days of the triumph of the Revolution, is to be maintained so that it may continue in its role of guarding the Revolution and its achievements. Ten representatives from among the members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. The economy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with its objectives of achieving the economic independence of the society, uprooting poverty and deprivation, and fulfilling human needs in the process of development while preserving human liberty, is based on the following criteria: 1. In the event, during this period, any one of them is unable to fulfil his duties for whatsoever reason, another person, upon the decision of majority of fuqaha' in the Nation's Exigency Council shall be elected in his place. Furthermore, the Leader has unilateral power to declare war, as well as the responsibility of "delineation of the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran," granting him broad editorial power over both foreign and domestic policy. The basic characteristic of this revolution, which distinguishes it from other movements that have taken place in Iran during the past hundred years, is its ideological and Islamic nature. 24 th October, 1979. A judge cannot be removed, whether temporarily or permanently, from the post he occupies except by trial and proof of his guilt, or in consequence of a violation entailing his dismissal. Constitution rests with the majority of all the members of the Guardian Council. Meanwhile, the continuing declarations and messages of the Imam that were issued on various occasions, extended and deepened the consciousness and determination of the Muslim nation to the utmost. 2. Despite his exile from Iran after his protest against the humiliating law of capitulation (which provided legal immunity for American advisers), the firm bond between the Imam and the people endured, and the Muslim nation, particularly committed intellectuals and militant 'ulama', continued their struggle in the face of banishment and imprisonment, torture and execution. The passing and execution of a sentence must be only by a competent court and in accordance with law. ensuring political and social freedoms within the framework of the law; 8. In the course of this popular movement, the employees of all government establishments took an active part in the effort to overthrow the tyrannical regime by calling a general strike and participating in street demonstrations. Following are the essential qualifications and conditions for the Leader: a. These groups, which included clergy, landowners, intellectuals, and merchants, had previously come together in the Constitutional Revolution of 1905–11. The government can entrust any portion of its task to the commissions composed of some ministers. The amendments were thought to be established because no marja had given strong support for Khomeini's policies. After the demise of the eminent marji' al-taqlid and great leader of the universal Islamic revolution, and founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ayatullah al-'Uzma Imam Khumayni--quddisa sirruh al-sharif--who was recognised and accepted as marji' and Leader by a decisive majority of the people, the task of appointing the Leader shall be vested with the experts elected by the people. Economic and other activities that inevitably involve pollution of the environment or cause irreparable damage to it are therefore forbidden. After experiencing the anti-despotic constitutional movement and the anticolonialist movement centred on the nationalization of the oil industry, the Muslim people of Iran learned from this costly experience that the obvious and fundamental reason for the failure of those movements was their lack of an ideological basis. According to the order of Rouhollah Khomeini, it was necessary to establish a congress in order to evaluate the constitution of Iran finally. In materialist schools of thought, the economy represents an end in itself, so that it comes to be a subversive and corrupting factor in the course of man's development. Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran Adopted: 24 October 1979 Effective: 3 December 1979 Amended: 28 July 1989 Preamble The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran advances the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of Iranian society based on Islamic principles and norms, which represent Signing the decree formalizing the election of the President of the Republic by the people. Drawing inspiration from the revolutionary and fertile teachings of Islam, they began the unrelenting yet fruitful struggle of raising the level of ideological awareness and revolutionary consciousness of the Muslim people.

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